Ordering Recommendation
Prenatal test for fetuses of mothers with fragile X premutations or full mutations.
Mnemonic
Methodology
Polymerase Chain Reaction/Capillary Electrophoresis
Performed
Sun-Sat
Reported
Within 10 days
New York DOH Approval Status
Specimen Required
Cultured Amniocytes or Cultured CVS
AND Maternal Whole Blood Specimen: Lavender (EDTA), pink (K2EDTA), or yellow (ACD Solution A or B).
Cultured Amniocytes or Cultured CVS: Transfer cultured amniocytes or cultured CVS to two T-25 flasks at 80 percent confluence (Min: one T-25 flask at 80% confluence). Backup cultures must be retained at the client's institution until testing is complete. If the client is unable to culture amniocytes or CVS, this can be arranged by contacting ARUP Client Services at (800) 522-2787. Please contact an ARUP genetic counselor at (800) 242-2787 ext. 2141 prior to test submission.
Maternal Whole Blood Specimen: Transport 2 mL whole blood. (Min: 1 mL)
Cultured Amniocytes or Cultured CVS: CRITICAL ROOM TEMPERATURE. Must be received within 48 hours of collection due to viability of cells.
Maternal Whole Blood Specimen: Room temperature.
Please contact an ARUP genetic counselor at (800) 242-2787 ext. 2141 prior to sample submission. Patient History Form is available on the ARUP Web site or by contacting ARUP Client Services at (800) 522-2787.
Cultured Amniocytes or Cultured CVS: Room temperature: 48 hours; Refrigerated: Unacceptable; Frozen: Unacceptable
Maternal Whole Blood Specimen: Room temperature: 7 days; Refrigerated: 1 month; Frozen: Unacceptable
Reference Interval
By report
Interpretive Data
Background information for Fragile X (FMR1) with Reflex to Methylation Analysis, Fetal
Characteristics of Fragile X syndrome (FXS): Affected males have moderate intellectual disability, hyperactivity, perseverative speech, social anxiety, poor eye contact, hand flapping or biting, autism spectrum disorders and connective tissue anomalies in males. Females are usually less severely affected than males.
Characteristics of Fragile X Tremor Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS): Onset of progressive ataxia and intention tremor typically after the fourth decade of life. Females also have a 21 percent risk for primary ovarian insufficiency. Incidence of FXS: 1 in 4,000 Caucasian males and 1 in 8,000 Caucasian females.
Inheritance: X-linked.
Penetrance of FXS: Complete in males; 50 percent in females.
Penetrance of FXTAS: 47 percent in males and 17 percent in females >50 years of age.
Cause: Expansion of the FMR1 gene CGG triplet repeat.
Full mutation: typically >200 CGG repeats (methylated).
Premutation: 55 to approx 200 CGG repeats (unmethylated).
Intermediate: 45-54 CGG repeats (unmethylated).
Normal: 5-44 CGG repeats (unmethylated).
Clinical Sensitivity: 99 percent.
Methodology: Triplet repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by size analysis using capillary electrophoresis. Methylation-specific PCR analysis is performed for CGG repeat lengths of 55 or greater to distinguish between premutation and full mutation alleles.
Analytic Sensitivity and Specificity: 99 percent; estimated precision of sizing for intermediate and premutation alleles is within 2-3 CGG repeats.
Limitations: Methylation patterns may not be fully established in early gestation; thus, diagnostic testing on chorionic villus samples is not recommended. Diagnostic errors can occur due to rare sequence variations. Rare FMR1 variants unrelated to trinucleotide expansion will not be detected. A specific CGG repeat size estimate is not provided for full mutation alleles. AGG trinucleotide interruptions within the FMR1 CGG repeat tract are not assessed.
For quality assurance purposes, ARUP Laboratories will confirm the above result at no charge following delivery. Order Confirmation of Fetal Testing and include a copy of the original fetal report (or the mother's name and date of birth) with the test submission. Please contact an ARUP genetic counselor at (800) 242-2787 extension 2141 prior to specimen submission.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by ARUP Laboratories. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This test was performed in a CLIA certified laboratory and is intended for clinical purposes.
Counseling and informed consent are recommended for genetic testing. Consent forms are available online.
Phenotype | Number of CGG Repeats |
---|---|
Unaffected | < 45 |
Intermediate | 45-54 |
Premutation | 55-200 |
Affected | >200 |
Laboratory Developed Test (LDT)
Note
If a CGG repeat of 100 or greater is detected by PCR and Capillary Electrophoresis; methylation analysis will be added. Additional charges apply.
Hotline History
Hotline History
CPT Codes
81243; 81265 Fetal Cell Contamination (FCC); if reflexed, add 81244
Components
Component Test Code* | Component Chart Name | LOINC |
---|---|---|
0050548 | Maternal Contamination Study Fetal Spec | 59266-7 |
0050556 | Fragile X Allele 1 | 45321-7 |
0050558 | Fragile X Allele 2 | 45322-5 |
0050559 | Fragile X Methylation Pattern | 41107-4 |
0050612 | Maternal Contam Study, Maternal Spec | 66746-9 |
0051389 | Fragile X Fetal Specimen | 66746-9 |
2010041 | Fragile X Interpretation, Fetal | 36914-0 |
Aliases
- Cytogenetics, High Resolution & Fragile X DNA (Fragile X (FMR1) Diagnostic, Fetal)
- High Resolution & Fragile X DNA (Fragile X (FMR1) Diagnostic, Fetal)
- Inherited Mental Retardation (Fragile X (FMR1) Diagnostic, Fetal)
- Martin-Bell Syndrome (Fragile X (FMR1) Diagnostic, Fetal)