Y Chromosome Microdeletion (Temporary Delay as of 11/20/20 - no referral available)

Background Information: Y Chromosome Microdeletion
Characteristics: Y chromosome microdeletions are typically characterized by azoospermia, severe to moderate oligospermia, or abnormal sperm morphology/motility in men with a normal physical evaluation. Assisted reproductive techniques are contraindicated for men carrying AZFa, AZFb, AZFbc or AZFabc microdeletions, which are classically associated with spermatogenic failure.
Prevalence: 1 in 2,000 to 3,000 males carry Y chromosome deletions/microdeletions.
Penetrance: Approaches 100 percent in males; variable expression may result in intra-familial variation of fertility in men with an identical microdeletion.
Inheritance: Y-linked; microdeletions are typically de novo.
Cause: Microdeletions of the Y chromosome azoospermia factor regions a, b or c (AZFa, AZFb or AZFc).
Mutations Tested: Five common Y chromosome microdeletions: AZFa, AZFb, AZFc, AZFbc, and AZFabc.
Clinical Sensitivity: Estimated at 5 to 10 percent for men with non-obstructive azoospermia or severe oligospermia.
Methodology: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by electrophoresis.
Analytical Sensitivity and Specificity: Greater than 99 percent.
Limitations: Diagnostic errors can occur due to rare sequence variations. Mutations within individual genes included in the AZF regions will not be detected.  Breakpoints of identified microdeletions will not be determined. Male infertility due to causes other than Y chromosome microdeletions tested, has not been excluded.